The Day America Decided To Protect Bank Deposits
A Banking System On The Brink: In the early 1930s, the United States faced one of the worst financial crises in its history. The Great Depression caused businesses to fail, unemployment to rise, and banks across the country to collapse. Between 1929 and early 1933, thousands of banks closed their doors. Millions of Americans lost their savings because deposits were not protected. At that time, banks operated with little federal oversight. If a bank failed, customers had no guarantee they would get their money back. Fear spread quickly, leading people to rush to banks and withdraw their savings all at once. These events were known as bank runs, and they often pushed otherwise stable banks into failure. By 1933, public trust in the banking system had nearly disappeared. Restoring confidence became one of the federal government’s most urgent challenges.