The Science Behind Supermoons: Why They Appear Bigger And Brighter

What Is A Supermoon:

A supermoon happens when a full moon reaches its closest point to Earth, called perigee. This makes it look larger and brighter than a regular full moon. 

The Moon’s orbit around Earth is not a perfect circle but an oval shape, meaning its distance from Earth changes. When the full moon coincides with perigee, it creates the supermoon effect.

How Supermoons Affect The Earth:

Supermoons do more than create a beautiful sight in the night sky. Their closer position to Earth increases their gravitational pull, which slightly affects ocean tides. 

These are called perigean tides, which can cause higher high tides and lower low tides than normal. 

While they do not cause natural disasters, they can slightly influence coastal flooding, especially if combined with storms.

Why Supermoons Appear Larger And Brighter:

The apparent size of a supermoon is about 14% larger and up to 30% brighter than a typical full moon. This difference is due to the Moon’s varying distance from Earth. 

When the Moon is at apogee, its farthest point, it looks smaller. At perigee, it appears bigger because it is closer to our planet. 

This effect is further enhanced by the "Moon illusion," where the Moon looks even larger when near the horizon due to how our brains perceive distance and size.

How Often Supermoons Occur:

Supermoons happen several times a year. Since the Moon’s orbit takes about 27 days to complete, and full moons occur roughly every 29.5 days, a few full moons each year align with perigee. 

The number of supermoons varies depending on how the Moon’s orbit shifts over time. Some years have more supermoons than others.

The Best Way To View A Supermoon:

To get the best view of a supermoon, find a location away from city lights. Light pollution can make the Moon appear dimmer. 

Watching the Moon as it rises or sets near the horizon can make it look even larger due to the Moon illusion. 

A clear night with minimal clouds provides the best chance to see its bright details. You do not need a telescope to enjoy a supermoon, but binoculars can help bring out surface details like craters and valleys.

Supermoons And Cultural Significance:

Throughout history, people have attached meanings to supermoons. Some cultures see them as signs of change or important events. 

Others give them names, like the "Super Blood Moon" during a lunar eclipse or the "Super Harvest Moon" in autumn. 

While science explains their occurrence, supermoons continue to inspire myths, legends, and traditions worldwide.

The Lasting Impact Of Supermoons:

Supermoons remind us of our connection to the universe. They bring attention to the Moon’s influence on Earth and offer a chance to appreciate the night sky. 

Whether for scientific interest or simple enjoyment, watching a supermoon is an experience that brings people together in awe of nature’s wonders.